A compilation of transgenes and their effects on salt tolerance traits in crops is presented. Pdf manual of seed production of salt tolerant crops. Salttolerant alternative crops such as quinoa have significant potential to sustain farm productivity by providing. Obstacle many of the groundwaterbased agroecosystems and riverbased irrigated agricultural lands in this region are affected by salinity and water logging, which is a major constraint to. Faced with the enigma of rising salinity ingress on their farmlands, farmers can now look forward to transgenic crops. At present, many scholars have studied salt damage to plant and plant salttolerance mechanism. Salttolerant plants eyed as crops of the future as sea level rises sea level rise from climate change threatens the livelihoods of poor subsistence farmers across asia. More recently, the sos salt stress signalling pathway was determined to. Salt tolerant plants garden reference books frequently categorize plants as salt tolerant if they thrive in coastal or bayside conditions. Rwsalt tolerant list agriculture and natural resources. Canadian research showed that both barley and oat yields started declining at ec levels of 4.
About twenty percent yield reductions were observed for barley at ec levels of 7. Various genera of salttolerant plant growth promoting rhizobacteria stpgpr have been isolated from extreme alkaline, saline, and sodic soils. The salt level is often taken as the soil salinity or the salinity of the irrigation water salt tolerance is of importance in irrigated lands in semiarid regions where the soil salinity problem can be extensive as a result of the salinization. This publication incorporated an extensive list of crop salt tolerance data. Highly salt tolerant plants tolerant of the direct salt spray such as that received along dunes and immediately adjacent to the oceanfront. Rwsalt tolerant list salt tolerance low mod hilow mod hi scientific name common name recycled water low mod hilow mod hi. Options for developing salttolerant crops wayne loescher1, zhulong chan, and rebecca grumet graduate program in plant breeding, genetics, and biotechnology, michigan state university, 328 pssb, east lansing, mi 4882425. These results demonstrate that with a combination of breeding and transgenic plants it could be possible to produce salttolerant. Improving crop salt tolerance journal of experimental. In areas where crops or landscape plants are irrigated with water containing dissolved salts.
Distribution of crops based on salt tolerance relative as a percent to. Salttolerant and resilient crops international center. World breakthrough on salttolerant wheat sciencedaily. The colocalization of the two transporters in the phloem companion cells of basal nodes. Trees and shrubs that tolerate saline soils and salt spray drift bonnie appleton, extension specialist vickie greene, graduate student. Salt tolerance of crops in the california state water. The salt tolerance of crops can be described as a function of yiel d decline across a range of salt concentrations expressed as the average rootzone salinity figure 2. New salinitytolerant forage crops progressive forage. Salinity tolerance in irrigated crops nsw department of. How an ancient, salttolerant fruit crop, ficus carica l. Since then, maas and grattan 1999 have published updated lists of salt tolerance data.
Trees and shrubs that tolerate saline soils and salt spray. Salinity tolerance in irrigated crops 2 nsw department of primary industries, january 2017 note that one megalitre at ecw of 1 dsm contains about 640kg of salts. In 1985, fao published a revised version of irrigation and drainage paper no. However, the approach has not led to the release of salt. The genetic diversity available within cultivated crops and their wild relatives provides rich sources for trait and gene discovery that has yet to be sufficiently utilized. The development of new improved salttolerant forage crops gives forage producers an additional means of minimizing salinityrelated production losses and an opportunity to improve profits by. Salttolerant and resilient crops international center for biosaline agriculture. In the zone radiating out from the bullseye where the soil ec tests more than 2, plant salttolerant cash crops such as barley, sunflowers, or canola. Yield reduction starts at ece 10 and 12 and 16 and 20. Salttolerant plants can utilize land and water unsuitable for saltsensitive crops glycophytes for the economic pro duction of food, fodder, fuel, and other products. The two most salttolerant annual crops are barley and oat.
Salt tolerant rugose roses in a park bordering the chespeake bay. Salt tolerance and dependence are the characteristics of some microbes. Fall or winter dormant seeding into standing residue is recommended on salt affected sites. Slightly salt tolerant plants have poor tolerance and should be always used well back of. Advances in molecular breeding toward drought and salt. Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a.
Farmers can breathe easy as salttolerant crops arrive. Transgenic salttolerant tomato plants accumulate salt in. Sitespecific management can reduce salt in your soil. Right plant, right place attracts butterflies deer resistant drought tolerant fragrant flowers rain garden salt tolerant green roof. Kaust professor mark tester explains how new salttolerant and heatresistant strands of tomatoes and quinoa can open new possibilities for. Salt tolerant plants are highly resistant to salt drift and can be used in exposed environments. Read the basic information on the crops we have discovered to be successful under saline conditions. Corn and soybeans are poor choices because theyre not salt.
Among crops, vegetables possess a central position in the human diet because of their nutritional value providing vitamins, carbohydrates, proteins, and mineral nutrients. Salt resistant perennial plants, cooperative extension of ocean county 20 pdf. Salt tolerance of crops is the maximum salt level a crop tolerates without losing its productivity while it is affected negatively at higher levels. Results from over 50 years of research have produced salt tolerance data. Oats, sorghum, and sudangrass are considered moderately sensitive. However, little progress has been made in developing salttolerant varieties of crop species using standard but slow breeding approaches. Big springs road, riverside, ca 92507, usa abstract global constraints on fresh water supplies and the need to dispose of agricultural, municipal, and. The genetic approach to the problems posed by saltaffected soils and water,i. To increase food supply, there is a need to produce salttolerant crops, which can grow successfully on saltaffected lands. Transgenic technology is a fast and effective method to obtain salttolerant varieties. Plant tolerance levels a range of generally accepted soil salinity ratings for forage.
Click on the common name for more information and the botanical name for photos. Salttolerant microbes can survive in osmotic and ionic stress. Crop salt tolerance is defined based on the crops ability to maintain yield and quality with increased salinity. Vegetable crops water salinity tolerance ecw this table indicates the yield reductions that could be expected when various vegetable crops are irrigated. With global population estimated to reach nine billion by 2050, and the demand for food expected to rise by 100% in this time, salttolerant crops will be an important tool to ensure future food.
Over time, salts can accumulate in the soils as crops extract water leaving the salts behind in. A central research institute is developing salttolerant varieties of crops like groundnut, tobacco, cumin and banana that aim at revolutionising the foodbasket in 6. Saltresistant perennial plants, cooperative extension of ocean county 20 identification of low growing, salt tolerant turfgrass species suitable for use along highway right of way, university of maryland center for environmental science and maryland department of transportation 2016. Salinity research is predominantly performed on model systems. Identification of low growing, salt tolerant turfgrass species suitable for use along highway right of way, university of maryland center for environmental science and maryland department of transportation 2016. To better understand the behavior of salttolerant and sensitive plants in challenging situations, scientists performed a. Soil salinity is an important stress affecting irrigated crops in many areas of california. Therefore, improving plant salt tolerance and increasing the yield and quality of crops in salty land is vital. Most crops are tolerant during germination, but the young develop.
Salttolerant crops show higher capacity for carbon fixation. Moderately salt tolerant plants tolerate some salt spray but grow best when protected by buildings, fences, or plantings of more salt tolerant species. A halophyte is a salttolerant plant that grows in soil or waters of high salinity, coming into contact with saline water through its roots or by salt spray, such as in saline semideserts, mangrove swamps, marshes and sloughs and seashores. Fall or winter dormant seeding into standing residue is recommended on saltaffected sites. Bismarck, north dakota plant materials for saltaffected sites. Participatory breeding for drought and salt tolerant crops. The functional connection between osmgt1 and oshkt1. If these major crops can be grown using saline resources, or if new, salttolerant crops that are acceptable substitutes can be developed, the worids food supply will have a more diverse and vastly expanded base. Narration a field of golden wheat is an iconic australian image, and with good reason. Future work is needed to quantify the costs of the different traits for salt tolerance to test the limits of each strategy and to provide new ideas for research approaches to increase the salt tolerance of crops. Halophytes plants that grow in soils or waters containing significant amounts of inor ganic salts can harness saline resources that are generally neglected and are usually. What crops can grow in farmland affected by salinization.
This stress is often exacerbated during drought years. The molecular identities of key ion transport systems that are fundamental to plant salt tolerance are now known hasegawa et al. Salinity laboratory, department of agriculture, agricultural research service, 450 w. Moderately salt tolerant plants tolerant of moderate levels of salt spray, such as that received in landscapes adjacent to the beach front, but which are sheltered by other plants, structures or natural dunes. Tropical crops salt tolerance database purpose the purpose of this technical note is to provide guidance in the selection of selected tropical crops for high salinesodic soils in puerto rico and the us virgin islands. Planting suitable salttolerant crops based on soil.
1536 456 44 227 78 770 1271 1126 470 304 66 1188 1061 538 245 1260 837 1262 1234 596 699 606 1034 53 1174 80 369 716 483 52 741 201 556 1146 608 419